Urolithiasis in Renal Transplantation

Urolithiasis in renal transplantation is uncommon. In the most of cases stones formation appear to form “de novo” after renal transplantation, although some studies suggest that the calculi are more often transplanted with the graft to the recipient. The etiology of stone formation in renal transplantation is multifactorial. Surgical factors, urinary tract infections and metabolic anomalies causing stone formation could be present in allograft rather than native kidneys. Urolithiasis is often asymptomatic and the clinicians are not able to diagnose urinary calculi in renal transplant at an earlier stage. Nevertheless, the prompt diagnosis and the subsequently stone removal is necessary for prevent adverse effects on a solitary kidney, where renal function is often borderline. Nowday, the development of endourological techniques, such us extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN) for calculi management and interventional radiology for the emergency management of acute obstruction have minimized the potential risk for renal graft. However, such minimally invasive procedures could be performed only in Centers that are well equipped and have expertise to offer the appropriate treatment. Furthemore, medical treatment should be required for the most costeffective management. Cicerello E1*, Mangano M1, Cova GD and Maccatrozzo L1 1Unità Complessa di Urologia, Ospedale Ca’ Foncello, Italy *Corresponding author: Elisa Cicerello, Unità Complessa di Urologia, Ospedale Ca’ Foncello, Piazza Ospedale – 31100 Treviso, Italy, Tel: + 39 0422322393; fax +39 0422322305; Email: [email protected] Published Date: April 02, 2016